Cov qoob loo cog qoob loo nce mus txog theem kev loj hlob txawv, txhua tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb. Synchronizing fertilization nrog cov theem no ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom los tiv thaiv qhov tsis txaus uas tuaj yeem ua rau irreversible yield poob. Kev loj hlob thaum ntxov tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm phosphorus rau cov hauv paus tsim, thaum tom qab theem yuav tsum muaj kev sib npaug ntawm nitrogen, potassium, thiab micronutrients los txhawb biomass tsub zuj zuj, flowering, thiab noob kev loj hlob.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom noj tseem ceeb (nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab potassium), cov tshuab zaub mov xav tau meso- thiab micronutrients los txhawb cov txheej txheem physiological xws li photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, thiab protein synthesis. Deficiencies during critical growth stages can disrupt plant development, decrease stand density, and ultimately reduce both yield and forage quality.
Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev xav tau kev noj haus
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob, lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov qoob loo qoob loo:
| Kev loj hlob theem | Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb | Cov khoom noj tseem ceeb | Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov nroj tsuag |
| Kev tshwm sim (germination) | Thawj 10-15 hnub | P, N, K | Rooting system tsim thiab thaum ntxov vegetative loj hlob |
| 1-3 nplooj nplooj | 15-25 hnub tom qab kev tshwm sim | N, P, K, S, Zn, Mn | Kev loj hlob hauv paus, kev ua kom enzyme, photosynthesis |
| Tillering (nyom) / branching (legumes) | 25-45 hnub | N, P, K, S, Cu, Fe | Tua thiab paus kev loj hlob, tawm los muaj peev xwm tsim |
| Cov qia elongation / budding | 45-60 hnub | N, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mo | Biomass tsub zuj zuj, npaj rau flowering |
| Paj tawg | 60-75 hnub | P, K, B | Pollination thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob |
| Kev tsim noob | 75-90 hnub | K, S, Ca | Cov zaub mov hloov mus rau hauv lub cev xeeb tub |
| Kev loj hlob | 90-120 hnub | K, Ca, Mn | Cov ntaub so ntswg ntxiv dag zog, noob zoo, cov khoom noj khoom haus remobilization |
Cov tsos mob tsis txaus los ntawm theem loj hlob
Cov zaub mov tsis txaus feem ntau tshwm sim txawv nyob ntawm theem kev loj hlob:
| Kev loj hlob theem | Cov tsos mob tsis txaus |
| Kev tshwm sim | Tsis muaj zog, daj ntseg seedlings; qeeb hauv paus kev loj hlob |
| 1-3 nplooj nplooj | luv internodes; daj ntseg ntsuab; cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog |
| Tillering / branching | Sparse tillers; qaug zog lateral tua; nplooj chlorosis |
| Cov qia elongation / budding | Nyias, elongated stems; interveinal chlorosis; pluag paj |
| Paj tawg | pollination tsis zoo; paj poob |
| Kev tsim noob | me me, shriveled noob; qis tawm los |
| Kev loj hlob | Chaw nyob; pluag noob viability |
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm meso- thiab micronutrients
Ntxiv nrog rau macronutrients, ntau lub ntsiab lus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev cog qoob loo physiology:
| Element | Muaj nuj nqi |
| Zinc (Zn) | Protein synthesis thiab nitrogen metabolism |
| Boron (B) | Pollination, noob tsim |
| Molybdenum (hli) | Nitrogen fixation nyob rau hauv legumes; txo nitrate |
| Magnesium (Mg) | Photosynthesis; chlorophyll tsim |
| Manganese (Mn) | Chlorophyll synthesis; txo nitrate |
| Hlau (Fe) | Chlorophyll tivthaiv; ua pa thiab photosynthesis |
Fertilizer cov tswv yim hla cov theem loj hlob
Ua raws li theem- raws li fertilization lub tswv yim txhim kho kev siv cov zaub mov zoo thiab kev ua qoob loo tag nrho:
Cov theem thaum ntxov: Phosphorus- cov chiv nplua nuj txhawb cov hauv paus kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim kho
Kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo: kev siv nitrogen ua rau biomass thiab tsim cov protein
Kev loj hlob theem: Potassium thiab boron txhim kho paj, noob txheej, thiab zoo
Cov theem kawg: Potassium thiab calcium txhim kho cov qauv muaj zog thiab cov noob maturation
Cov kev pab cuam fertilization feem ntau sib koom ua ke hauv paus NPK daim ntawv thov nrog lub hom phiaj micronutrient supplementation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hnyav forage systems los yog av pom tias tsis muaj.
Integrated noj zaub mov kom zoo
Cov tswv yim fertilization niaj hnub muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv ob qho tib si kev siv thiab kev tsim cov khoom noj. Cov khoom siv nitrogen chiv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv thov, qhov kev daws teeb meem ua kom yooj yim dua lub sijhawm thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo. Compound NPK blends xa cov khoom noj khoom haus sib npaug ntawm kev tseb, thiab dej- cov txheej txheem soluble ua rau lub hom phiaj xa khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob tseem ceeb.
Kev tswj hwm kev noj zaub mov zoo, ua raws cov theem kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm ob qho tib si macro- thiab micronutrients, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa cov qoob loo qoob loo thiab txhim kho cov khoom noj zoo hauv cov nqi nce ntxiv - qhov chaw tsim khoom rhiab heev.
