Nroj tsuag xav tau cov as-ham
17 cov as-ham tseem ceeb uas xav tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Zoo li peb, cov nroj tsuag xav tau cov khoom noj sib txawv rau kev loj hlob zoo. Muaj 17 cov as-ham tseem ceeb uas txhua cov nroj tsuag xav tau, suav nrog carbon, hydrogen, thiab oxygen, uas cov nroj tsuag tau txais los ntawm huab cua thiab dej. Qhov seem 14 yog tau los ntawm cov av tab sis yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov chiv lossis cov khoom siv organic xws li compost.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab potassium xav tau ntau dua li lwm cov as-ham; lawv suav hais tias yog thawj macronutrients.
Secondary macronutrients muaj xws li sulfur, calcium, thiab magnesium.
Micronutrients xws li hlau thiab tooj liab yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ntau me me.
Muaj cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv cov av
Cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv cov av yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam xws li av zoo nkauj (loam, loamy xuab zeb, silt loam), cov ntsiab lus organic thiab pH.
Kev ntxhib los mos
Cov av nplaum thiab cov organic teeb meem hauv cov av yog cov tshuaj reactive thiab yuav tuav thiab maj mam tso cov zaub mov ions uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov av uas zoo dua-textured (ntau av nplaum) thiab siab dua hauv cov organic teeb meem (5-10%) muaj peev xwm tuav cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm ntau dua li cov av xuab zeb uas muaj me me los yog tsis muaj av nplaum lossis organic teeb meem. Cov av xuab zeb hauv Minnesota kuj tseem ua rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo los ntawm kev leaching, vim dej nqa cov as-ham xws li nitrogen, poov tshuaj los yog sulfur hauv qab hauv paus cheeb tsam uas cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lawv.
pH
Av pH yog qhov degree ntawm alkalinity lossis acidity ntawm cov av. Thaum pH qis dhau los yog siab dhau lawm, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg hauv cov av. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub feem ntau loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws thaum av pH yog me ntsis acidic rau nruab nrab, los yog nruab nrab ntawm 5.5 thiab 7.0.
Muaj qee qhov kev zam; blueberries, piv txwv li, yuav tsum muaj pH tsawg (4.2-5.2). Av pH tuaj yeem hloov kho siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li txiv qaub (hauv av limestone) los tsa pH lossis cov tshuaj sulfur kom qis pH.
Muaj zaub mov muaj
Feem ntau, feem ntau Minnesota cov av muaj calcium txaus, magnesium, sulfur thiab micronutrients los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag noj qab haus huv. Nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab poov tshuaj yog cov as-ham feem ntau yuav tsis txaus thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov chiv kom zoo rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv koj lub vaj yog ua cov av sim. Kev sim av yooj yim los ntawm University of Minnesota's Soil Testing Laboratory yuav muab cov av zoo nkauj kwv yees, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic (siv los kwv yees muaj nitrogen), phosphorus, potassium, pH thiab cov txiv qaub xav tau.
Kev tsom xam kuj tseem tuaj nrog kev txhais lus yooj yim ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab muab cov lus pom zoo rau fertilizing.
Xaiv cov chiv
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau chiv thiab qee zaum cov kev xaiv yuav zoo li nyuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias cov nroj tsuag noj cov as-ham nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm cov ions tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov cog.
Piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag tau txais nitrogen los ntawm NO3- (nitrate) los yog NH4+ (ammonium), thiab cov ions tuaj yeem los ntawm cov organic lossis hluavtaws thiab ntau yam formulations (kua, granular, pellets lossis compost. ).
Cov chiv uas koj xaiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim av thiab cov nroj tsuag xav tau, ob qho tib si ntawm cov as-ham thiab kev xa khoom sai.
Lwm yam yuav tsum xav txog suav nrog av thiab ib puag ncig kev noj qab haus huv nrog rau koj cov peev nyiaj.
Fertilizer tsom xam
Txiv lws suav zaub mov guaranteed tsom xam daim ntawv lo
Tag nrho cov chiv muaj muag muaj dab tsi hu ua aguaranteed tsom xam, txhais tau tias cov feem pua ntawm txhua cov zaub mov tseem ceeb, los ntawm qhov hnyav, hauv cov chiv yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv pob li NPK.
Piv txwv li, 10 phaus ntawm 17-18-28 txiv lws suav zaub mov muaj 1.7 phaus nitrogen, 1.8 phaus phosphorus oxide (P2O5- phosphate), thiab 2.8 phaus ntawm poov tshuaj oxide (K2O-potash).
Ntau lub vaj chiv muaj cov khoom noj ntxiv. Inorganic chiv feem ntau sau tag nrho cov as-ham rau ntawm daim ntawv lo, organic chiv feem ntau muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag as-ham thiab tej zaum yuav tsis sau lawv tag nrho.
Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom cov chiv nrog qhov tseeb NPK piv uas tau pom zoo los ntawm koj daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas av, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov sib piv uas zoo sib xws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom phim cov lus pom zoo nitrogen ntau dua li cov lus pom zoo ntawm phosphorus lossis potassium, tab sis sim tsis txhob tshaj cov lus pom zoo phosphorus vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog dej.
Nco ntsoov tias 10-20-10 chiv muaj apivntawm cov as-ham uas yog 1: 2: 1, txhais tau tias rau txhua 1 phaus N, muaj 2 phaus P.2O5thiab 1 phaus K2O.
Inorganic vs. organic chiv
Fertilizers yog inorganic los yog organic.
Inorganic chiv tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab feem ntau yog tsim, dej-soluble khoom.
Organic chiv yog carbon-based thiab muab tau los ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia, xws li ntses emulsion lossis ntshav noj.
Urea (feem ntau nyob rau hauv inorganic chiv) yog ib tug hluavtaws organic compound; nws muaj carbon, tab sis yog tsim los ntawm inorganic cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis tsim nyog rau certified organic ntau lawm.
Inorganic chiv
Muaj peev xwm muab tau sai sai ntawm cov as-ham hauv cov kua los yog tso tawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov as-ham nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov ntawv tso tawm qeeb (xws li qeeb dissolving lossis coated).
Feem ntau pheej yig dua cov organic chiv ib phaus ntawm nutrient.
Yooj yim rau siv thaum xam cov nqi thov.
Muaj peev xwm hlawv ntau dua rau cov nroj tsuag thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau kev poob rau ib puag ncig los ntawm leaching lossis dej ntws.
Piv txwv li: Txhua lub hom phiaj (10-10-10), txiv lws suav chiv (17-18-28), qeeb-tso granular (15-9-12).
Organic chiv
Feem ntau suav hais tias yog kev tso tawm qeeb. Microorganisms nyob rau hauv cov av hloov cov organic as-ham rau hauv cov nroj tsuag-muaj cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qhov no yuav siv sij hawm ib hnub mus rau lub lis piam.
Yog kim tshaj inorganic chiv ib phaus ntawm nutrient, tab sis muaj ntau yuav siv tau rau cov organic ntau lawm (nyeem ntawv kom paub tseeb).
Tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau xam cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov ntawv thov (xws li compost).
Muaj peev xwm kub hnyiab tau qis dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev poob rau ib puag ncig.
Tej zaum muaj cov noob nroj tsuag lossis tib neeg cov kab mob xws li E. coli lossis Salmonella. Ob leeg pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshiab los yog tsis tsim nyog composted manure, ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
Piv txwv li: ntshav mov (13-2-0), organic txiv lws suav chiv (3-6-4), ntses chiv (5-1-1).
Cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv organic
Txiv lws suav mulched nrog nyom clippings
Txawm hais tias koj xaiv cov chiv twg, xav txog kev ntxiv cov khoom siv organic ntxiv los txhawb kev noj qab haus huv hauv av tag nrho. Carbon-based cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov organic chiv, compost, nyom clippings los yog npog cov qoob loo muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau cov nroj tsuag thiab av.
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv organic muaj lwm cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb ntxiv rau N, P thiab K.
Organic cov ntaub ntawv muab carbon los pub cov kab mob hauv av, ua kom cov av organic teeb meem, thiab txhim kho cov av tag nrho.
Ntxiv cov khoom siv organic rau hauv av kuj tseem txhim kho cov dej tuav hauv cov av xuab zeb thiab ua rau kom cov dej ntws thiab aeration hauv av av.
Siv cov ntaub ntawv organic li mulch tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob, txo qhov kub thiab noo noo hloov pauv, tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob hauv av, thiab txo cov av yaig.
Kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv organic tuaj yeem txo qhov xav tau ntawm cov chiv ntxiv.
Organic cov ntaub ntawv muab cov as-ham thaum lawv decompose thiab cov av organic teeb meem yuav tuav thiab maj mam tso cov as-ham dhau sijhawm.
Tej teeb meem nutrient hauv zaub
Kev kuaj xyuas cov zaub mov tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog qhov nyuaj. Muaj ntau cov teeb meem nutrient zoo ib yam, feem ntau ntau tshaj ib qho khoom noj muaj feem cuam tshuam, thiab yog vim li cas rau lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau.
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem koj yuav pom hauv lub vaj.
Nroj tsuag tsis muaj nitrogen yuav pom yellowing ntawm cov laus, nplooj qis; nitrogen ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplooj loj hlob ntau dhau thiab qeeb fruiting.
Cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj phosphorus tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev loj hlob stunted los yog liab-liab-liab tint nyob rau hauv nplooj cov ntaub so ntswg.
Ib qho poov tshuaj tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij tawv nqaij ntawm nplooj nplooj, pib nrog cov nplooj qis dua.
Ib qho calcium uas tsis muaj peev xwm feem ntau ua rau "qhov kub hnyiab" ntawm cov nplooj yau los yog tawg paj kawg hauv txiv lws suav lossis zucchini. Txawm li cas los xij, calcium deficiency feem ntau tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov calcium uas tsis tshua muaj hauv av, tab sis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ywg dej tsis sib xws, cov av noo ntau dhau, lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov hauv paus hniav.
Tsis muaj leej faj ntawm cov av xuab zeb tuaj yeem ua rau stunted, spindly loj hlob thiab yellowing nplooj; qos yaj ywm, dos, pob kws thiab cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg cabbage nyiam tshaj plaws rhiab heev.
Cov lus qhia dav dav rau kev siv chiv
Nitrogen
Vim tias nitrogen txhawb cov nplooj loj hlob, nitrogen ntau dhau ntawm lub caij nyoog tuaj yeem txo qis los yog ncua kev cog qoob loo.
Nitrogen yog suav tias yog mobile hauv av, txhais tau hais tias nws txav nrog dej, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv nitrogen thaum cov nroj tsuag yuav npaj siv nws.
Siv nitrogen tam sim ntawd ua ntej lossis tom qab cog qoob loo txhua xyoo lossis tom qab ntsuab-up rau cov qoob loo perennial.
Yog tias koj muaj cov av xuab zeb, xav txog kev siv ntau zaus ntawm nitrogen tab sis siv tus nqi qis dua.
Phosphorus thiab potassium
Ntawm lwm yam, phosphorus txhawb kev loj hlob hauv paus thiab fruiting, thaum poov tshuaj txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cog hardiness.
Phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj tsis yog mobile nyob rau hauv cov av thiab xav tau kev sib cuag nrog cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj mus.
Lawv yuav tsum tau siv thiab muab tso ua ke ua ntej cog, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Siv lawv kom txawj ntse
NPK chiv nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 2: 2 lossis 1: 2: 1 yog qhov tshwj xeeb zoo rau kev hloov pauv thiab tuaj yeem siv tau thaum cov nroj tsuag tau teeb tsa hauv av.
Foliar chiv kuj tseem yuav pab tau nyob rau qee kis, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus tau los ntawm cov cag ntoo.
Foliar fertilization tuaj yeem siv los kho qhov tsis txaus thaum lub caij loj hlob, muab cov micronutrients xws li zinc lossis hlau thaum av pH siab dua 7, lossis muab cov as-ham xws li potassium thiab phosphorus hauv cov av txias caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum cog cov hauv paus hniav nqus cov as-ham tsawg dua.
Thaum kawg, nco ntsoov siv chiv kom zoo thiab ib txwm ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv lo. Cov chiv ntau dhau tsis yog tsuas yog siv nyiaj pov tseg xwb, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag puas tsuaj thiab ua phem rau ib puag ncig. Nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov as-ham, txawm li cas los xij, koj lub vaj tuaj yeem vam meej thiab muab phaus ntawm cov khoom rau sau.
